Visual Introduction

If you like science, this is a gold mine. Once you accept the superfluid nature of gravity and quantum effects so many mysteries dissolve.

Intuitively, the big bang must have formed vortices rotating frictionlessly at the speed of light, a substrate where particles are these vortices. Additionally a new vortex particle fills the vacuum, and is counted by the observed dark matter density.

These equations unite particle physics and general relativity and find an energetic boundary layer with a texture.

The speed of light comes from Planck’s constant, the mass of the vacuum particle, and the lattice size.

Einstein’s mass/energy

\underbrace{\tfrac{1}{2}\,m_\text{eff}\,v_\text{rot,inner}^2}_{\text{effective mass energy at inner speed}} \;=\; E \;=\; \underbrace{m_e\,c^2}_{\text{Einstein's rest mass energy at rim speed}}

v_\text{rot,inner} = 0.776\text{c}

\underbrace{\alpha_{mf} = 0.3008 = \tan^2\theta_W}_{\text{visible mass fraction from weinberg angle}}

\underbrace{m_e = \alpha_{mf} \cdot m_\text{eff}}_{\text{visible rest mass}}

\underbrace{v_\text{rot,inner}^2 = 2\alpha_{mf}\,c^2}_{\text{inner to rim velocity}}

\tfrac{1}{2}\,m_\text{eff}\,\big(2\alpha_{mf}\,c^2\big) \;=\; \big(\alpha_{mf}\,m_\text{eff}\big)\,c^2 \;=\; \boxed{m_e\,c^2}

Find the lattice size from cosmology

  • Dark matter density: n_1m_1=\rho_\mathrm{DM}
  • Mass of one dc1 particle: m_1=\hbar/(c\xi)
  • Number density of vacuum particles: n_1=\rho_\mathrm{DM}\,c\,\xi/\hbar
  • Close packing, one dc1 per lattice cell: n_1\xi^3=1
  • \rho_\mathrm{DM}=2.254\times10^{-27}\;\mathrm{kg/m}^3 (observed)

Eliminate n_1 and m_1 to find the approximate lattice cell size:

\xi_\mathrm{CP} = \left(\frac{\hbar}{\rho_\mathrm{DM}\,c}\right)^{1/4} \approx 111.8\;\mu\mathrm{m}

Vortex overlap fraction

f = \frac{4\pi}{K\sqrt2} = 0.5666

  1. 4\pi — the Gauss solid angle, stiff enough to source gravity
  2. 1/\sqrt2 — a property of a quantum condensate, the GP healing length, the ratio of the anti-phase pairs
  3. 1/K — the Bessel zero constant, the structure of the photon/modon

Which adjusts the size down:

\xi = \xi_\mathrm{CP}\,f^{1/4} = 111.8\;\mu\mathrm{m}\times0.8676 = 97.0\;\mu\mathrm{m}.

And sets the condensation number \nu=m_\mathrm{eff}/m_1\approx8.4\times10^8 reflecting how well the vacuum’s energy hides, the number of constituents needed for a counter-rotating layer to form. That value fits the Higgs VEV, MOND scale, and fast solar wind.

Put together, this is the lattice cell — its spec sheet. Six co-rotating sheets and their six chirality-reversed partners stack to exactly one cell width (6 × 16.1 μm ≈ 97 μm — the cell is as tall as it is wide), one dc1 vortex per cell, each pair breathing in anti-phase so the vacuum stays silent; and ν ≈ 8.3×10⁸ of its quanta acting in concert make one visible unit of mass.

It explains what you’d expect: understanding behind the standard model, numeric predictions for mass ratios, why elements and materials behave as they do, an accurate prediction for the vacuum energy, and the puzzle zoo of space.

To find the intuition, see that shear zones in superfluids form counter-rotating eddies…

science.nasa.gov - Juno sees Jupiter’s turbulence

When the vortices are sped up a million times, the texture becomes like this YBCO superfluid:

Vortex glass, the texture of the lattice, in a YBCO superconductor, vortex shear zones, anti-phase pairs. Left and center images by Frederick S. Wells, Alexey V. Pan, X. Renshaw Wang, Sergey A. Fedoseev & Hans Hilgenkamp - https://www.nature.com/articles/srep08677, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=57135410

The electron’s orbitals are formed by that kind of shear zone, counter-rotating layers in the superfluid where the quantum potential is the reaction force:

When an electron changes to a lower orbital, these two counter-rotating eddies spin off as a modon, a dipole-vortex of opposite spinning vortices that move at their rotational velocity, each advecting in each other’s wake, canceling angular momentum, massless, until they hit a compatible boundary layer that absorbs both layers, expanding the orbital boundary.

Gravity becomes a leak, then a free fall to the next boundary.

Same equations, pressure effects not warped spacetime.

Black holes show the gravity river, where the horizon where photon modons are held inside by the river’s speed.

Once you understand the superfluid nature of the universe, you’ll see the pattern of boundary layer energy that exists from the atom to the cosmos.

Read the story or the paper for the math.

Watch the intro video, or the video the math.