Visual Context
Here’s what fluids look like with high energy and low viscosity:
Vortex streets: low viscosity spiral pinwheels
(By Empetrisor - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=105303125)
Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities along the wind-collision interface that produce vortical rolls
Patterns in the clouds of Jupiter and high-energy fluid imaging with IR
Here’s how they behave when nearly frictionless:
By John W.M. Bush The new wave of pilot-wave-theory”
Pilot wave hydrodynamics
https://esahubble.org/
WR 140 — a Wolf-Rayet + O-star binary whose colliding stellar winds create the spiral “pinwheel” shock structure visible in this JWST infrared image. Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities along the wind-collision interface produce vortical rolls — a vortex street at stellar scale, and a close cosmological analog for the boundary-layer dynamics of the dc1/dag substrate.
https://esahubble.org/
Eta Carinae - a multi-star orbital system complex that displays wind-wind collisions with X-ray-bright structures that vary with orbital phases, showing counter-rotating eddies forming along the contact discontinuity.
By Frederick S. Wells, Alexey V. Pan, X. Renshaw Wang, Sergey A. Fedoseev & Hans Hilgenkamp - https://www.nature.com/articles/srep08677, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=57135410
Type II superconductor vortex lattices
In low-viscosity environments with high turbulence, the fluid forms figure-8 pairs of vortices to channel away energy disturbance at high-energy boundaries. These structures are stable because the vortices co-rotate in fields of opposite-rotating layers joining them. Each field is in its own boundary layer; between boundary layers, opposite-spinning layers form as racetracks due to the elastic, accelerating collisions at the boundaries — true frictionless vacuums in the path of the particle inside the racetrack created by the accelerated substrate.
Now let’s learn about the dc1/dag substrate, starting at the beginning.
The origin event in the substrate picture. (1) Before the transition: chaotic dc1/dag particles with no structure — no speed of light, no Planck’s constant, no gravity. (2) As the expanding substrate cools through T_c, superfluid bubbles nucleate — dc1 particles begin orbiting dag centers, forming organized orbital systems. (3) Bubbles merge and percolate; counter-rotating boundary layers form between co-rotating regions; latent heat drives ~60 e-folds of exponential expansion. (4) The transition completes: a coherent superfluid with modons (photons) propagating at c, organized matter, and all emergent physics activated. This IS inflation — no inflaton field needed.
Here’s the electron raceway, the boundary layer that forms a standing wave in the substrate, a laminar stream for the electron:
Zoomed-in cross-section of the electron’s orbital raceway in the dc1/dag substrate. The co-rotating channel (amber) carries orbital systems flowing with the electron; counter-rotating layers on both sides (teal) flow against it. The electron (purple, center) rides the co-rotating flow with its own counter-rotating boundary (dashed coral ring spinning opposite to its dc1 particles). The boundaries between layers are where the quantum potential lives — Simeonov’s “Fluid 2” responding to density gradients in “Fluid 1.” The gentle arc at the edges indicates this is a section of the electron’s quantized orbital around the proton.
How photons are emitted:
Three photons spanning twelve orders of magnitude in energy — same object: a counter-rotating vortex dipole of radius \sim\lambda, translating through the substrate at speed c. The energy E = h\nu is encoded in the intensity of internal counter-rotation, not in size or speed. Unlike KdV solitons (where amplitude affects velocity), the Larichev-Reznik modon speed is amplitude-independent — this is the physical content of Lorentz invariance for light. There is a minimum modon energy E_\text{min} = hc/\xi \approx 13 meV (wavelength \sim 100\;\mum); below this, energy propagates as collective lattice excitations rather than modons.
The Earth-Moon orbital system embedded in the dc1/dag substrate. Green region: co-rotating substrate flowing with Earth’s orbit, populated with dc1/dag orbital system pairs. Dashed coral ellipses: counter-rotating boundary layers separating co-rotating regions. Blue background: outer substrate. Coral arrows: dc1 particles leaking through the counter-rotating boundary (f_leak ≈ 10⁻¹⁸) — the “gravity waterfall” carrying momentum toward the Sun. The same boundary-layer physics that creates the quantum potential at the electron scale creates gravity at the planetary scale.
Here’s the Earth/moon system again, but zoomed in. Just like the electron raceway but now the gravity waterfall is also animated. Dark matter occassionally leaks across the boundary, accelerating in the middle of each but only ebbing across the stiff boundary:
Zoomed-in cross-section of the Earth-Moon orbital system in the dc1/dag substrate — directly analogous to the electron raceway. The co-rotating channel (amber) carries orbital systems flowing with Earth’s orbital motion; counter-rotating layers on both sides (teal) flow against it. The Earth-Moon system (blue/gray, center) rides the co-rotating flow with its own counter-rotating boundary (dashed coral ring). The coral dots are the gravity waterfall: dc1 particles that leak through the counter-rotating boundary (f_leak ≈ 10⁻¹⁸) and accelerate toward the Sun. Each particle drops in from above, accelerates to the first boundary, pauses as it meets the resistance of the counter-rotating layer, then breaks through and accelerates across the co-rotating zone — the main waterfall. It pauses again at the second boundary before breaking through and accelerating off toward the Sun. This is gravity: not a force at a distance, but a physical flow of substrate particles through boundary layers. The pause-accelerate-pause-accelerate pattern shows the two environments that define gravity in this model — stable boundary layers that resist passage, and the waterfall acceleration between them.
Here’s data from 153 galaxies, 2693 data points, recording five decades of luminosity shows the substrate model matches observation and shows the expected discrepancy for tidal dward galaxies:
Young TDGs are still settling, so vcirc underestimates the equilibrium value — points drift below the RAR at low gbar where dynamical times are longest.
Substrate accurately models both normal galaxies (blue) and gas-dominated dwarfs (cyan):